Introduction
This tutorial shows how to set-up the Tall Screen Cage in the floating garden style to create an effective environment for a chameleon.
In this build we will execute the Forest Edge 4+4 method. The “Forest Edge 4+4” method is a checklist type guide to ensure we have all the necessary aspects to a chameleon specific environment. If you are building this cage out for any other type of arboreal reptile or amphibian then tweaks to the specific implementation may need to be tweaked for your species. But the overall creation of an arboreal living environment should be very similar.
The Tall Screen Cage measures 23.75″ wide x 23″ deep x 46″ high and is offered as a system which gives us a number of tools to make our job much easier. These tools include a solid back wall, six Dragon Ledges, and two Hydration Mounts that allow us to install both a mist head and a plant watering drip system. This cage is literally designed so you can create a living and healthy floating garden style cage interior. The defining characteristic of the floating garden approach is that it leaves the floor clear. Not only does this give a beautiful presentation, but keeping the floor clear gives you a way of easily measuring your reptile’s health via frequency and composition of the poop. This is a very valuable tool in the husbandry of species that spend much of their time living in the leaves and actively hiding any sign of illness. And, of course, cleaning is very easy.
If have not yet purchased a Tall Screen Cage you may do so when you are ready below.
Step 1: Assemble Cage
Assembly
If you haven’t already, follow the assembly instructions to assembly the cage. Click the icon to access the assembly instructions. Basic reminders for success are 1) use a bowl to hold all the screws you take out of bags, 2) Build the cage on a flat surface, 3) Don’t overtighten the screws.
When we build out this cage we will be moving a lot of things in and out. It will be much easier to build out this cage without the door attached so I suggest to not install the main door just yet. That will be the final step in the entire process. The service door is fine to install and helps the stability of the cage as we move things in and out and cinch things tight with zip ties.
And just one note on using zip ties. Zip ties are very strong and will force two objects together. Use zip ties to hold two objects in place (example: a branch resting on a Dragon Ledge.) Do not use zip ties to pull two objects across an empty space. An example of this would be a large branch that is an inch away from the Dragon Ledge. If you zip tie objects together that are not already resting against each other, one or both of the objects can break or deform. The lesson is that zip ties should be used to keep the cage items in place, not to force the objects into a certain configuration that they resist.
Stand and Placement
Placement
Somewhere along the way you will have to think about where you will be placing the chameleon cage and what you will be setting it on. Ideally, you figure that out in the beginning! The reason is that you can use elements of your home in your cage set-up. Chameleons have excellent vision and they can see everything in your house. The placement of your cage should take into account the flow of human and other pet activities as well as where the windows and heating/cooling vents are. In the picture of my cage, the right side of the cage is in the corner of the house, while the left side is by a room door. So I take account of these and I plan for the area for my chameleon’s hiding place to be on the right side. Remember that in a cage that has screened sides that a spot is not hidden just because you cannot see it from the front. It needs to be hidden from ALL angles. House corners are great for blocking the sides so my dense plant cover is to the right. But the wall needs to be very close to the cage side to be considered “safe” by the chameleon. If your cage is a couple feet away from the wall then it imay not register as safe in the chameleon’s mind and they may always be on guard in that direction. This is life for a chameleon and is not necessarily a stress inducing arrangement, but our goal is to create a hidden area for rest and relaxation. We may as well make sure it is as effective as possible. The opaque back panel makes the entire back side safe and you can take advantage of this in creating your chameleon safe places.
Stand
I am going to use a standard black wire rack to set up my cage. This has great flexibility in that the shelves can be set at any level and it is all on wheels. I can have storage below the cage and my lights and equipment set up on a shelf above the cage. This allows me to have my energy sources raised above the cage so my chameleon does not have to deal with the intense energy produced in the first couple inches of the device. I will go deeply into this when we talk about lighting this cage.
Wire Accessory Basket for Fogger
Wire rack shelves also have a number of accessories that are useful us. In this case, a wire basket hooks on the side and makes for a perfect perch for a fogger and a lush potted plant to hide the equipment!
This black wire shelving unit has been incredibly versatile and will adjust to just about any cage I am building. I have added a number of accessory baskets which hold my fogger, but also hold some plants to break up the utilitarian nature of the rack and give it a homey feel. Underneath I have storage space which I can place maintenance items as well as the misting system and water basin.
Choosing a Floor
The Tall Screen Cage comes with two floors for you to choose from.
- There is a white, PVC floor which can be used if you plan on putting potted plants on the floor of the cage.
- Your second option is a screen “Drip Easy” floor panel which gives you maximum drainage, but is not ideal for placing potted plants upon.
Having two floors allows you to keep a spare floor around in the case of deep cleaning which requires the removal of your floor to be scrubbed and disinfected. In this case you may temporarily use the second floor in the cage so you can leisurely wash the main use floor.
Floor Option #1: White, PVC Floor. The PVC floor is used if you plan on putting potted plants on the floor of the cage. The drainage tray is specifically designed to give support in the middle of the floor area and the solid plastic floor will distribute the weight of the potted plant. If you elect to use the white plastic floor then you’ll need to consider the drainage aspect. On the flat floor water will gather until it grows enough to overcome the floor friction that keeps it from flowing and draining over the sides. If you place a potted plant then there will be a slight indentation where water could gather instead of flowing over the side. In all these cases, the drainage issue can be solved by drilling small holes in the floor panel to allow water drainage exactly where it pools. Select a hole size that is smaller than half the size of your feeder insects so you do not get escapees. For my personal use cages I drill a grid of small holes over the entire floor panel and especially target plant pot indentation so water does not have a chance to “marinate” under the pot.
Floor Option #2: Drip Easy Screen Floor. The screen floor is used with the floating garden style where there are no plants on the bottom of the cage. This allows the use of a screen floor that provides maximum drainage and no standing water.
Drainage Tray
The Tall Screen Cage System comes with a fitted drainage tray. Drainage trays are important to keepers of chameleons and other arboreal herptiles because we generally provide moisture through fogging and misting systems which means that waste water ends up at the bottom of the cage. We do not want to allow a situation where poop, water, and escaped feeder insects can combine. This creates a very unhygienic situation where the feeder insect picks up a load of bacteria and can deliver it to the chameleon if the chameleon eats it. We avoid this by placing the cage on top of a drainage tray and having the water drip into the tray.
A couple of things to note about the drainage tray.
- The drainage tray is strong as far as downward force, but it is not designed to lift and carry the cage. Do not use the drainage tray to carry the cage!
- When cleaning the black PVC drainage trays do not leave them to dry in the sun or put them through the dishwasher. The intense heat in both these situations can warp the tray. The drainage tray is designed to be used indoors.
Emptying the drainage tray. The most commonly used method for dealing with the collected water is a small wet/dry vacuum with a crevice tool that can be stuck into the drainage tray and simply suck up all the water. There is enough room to the side of the cage to stick in a micro crevice tool nozzle. If you keep the cage floor clear it gets even simpler as you can open the service door and just stick the nozzle under the floor. Then you can suck up all the water from the middle of the tray.
The drainage tray is designed so there is enough space on the side for a crevice tool to fit to remove water. If you desire to use this method, move the cage into one of the rear corners of the drainage tray and the space will be on the other side.
If your floor is clear then it is a simple matter to go through the Service Door and under the floor panel with the crevice tool and suck up the water from the middle of the tray.
Install a Gravity Drain. A gravity drain may be created by installing a 1/4″ connection in the drainage tray and running 1/4″ tubing to a bucket. This is not a configuration offered off the shelf and requires the drilling of a hole in the drainage tray and gluing a connector. So proceed only if you are confident with a small construction project. It really isn’t that complicated, but you are putting a hole into a tray that was designed to be water tight so you don’t want to mess this up!
As this is a separate project I will link to the guide as to how I implemented this.
https://dragonstrand.com/a-simple-gravity-drain-for-dragon-strand-drainage-trays/
Hydration Mount
When considering the placement for the mist nozzle we need to consider what we want it to do. In my designs I am not using the misting system to shower my chameleons. Although it has been, up until very recently, something I practiced, I am now listening to my chameleons when they tell me they don’t like to be sprayed. So my misting system is now used to help with night time humidity and lay down a layer of dew for the chameleon to wake up to in the morning. This means I need my mist nozzle in the position where it can reach the leafy areas. Your Tall Screen Cage comes with two Hydration Mounts . Two mst nozzles should cover the cage area nicely. With the solid back panel we have a little more wiggle room as to how we point the nozzles because we don’t have to worry about spraying the house walls behind the back panel.
You will notice that the Hydration Mount has two holes. One is the standard Mist King/Cli-Mist misting head hole that we just discussed, but there is a smaller one as well. This one is grommeted and is designed to allow you to input 1/4″ tubing into the cage. This can be used for plant drip systems or an entry point for the Exo-Terra Monsoon mist head which has a suction cup. Warning! To use the 1/4″ entry point now, or ever again in the future, you will need to remove the grommet and then install it back from the top above the screen. The grommet’s purpose is 1) to provide a snug fit for the 1/4″ tubing and 2) hold down the loose screen strands produced by poking a hole in the screen. Remove the grommet before installing the Hydration Mount! Put it somewhere safe if you are not going to be using it immediately. If you decide to install the grommet now to make sure you do not lose it just remember that there will be a hole that flies can escape from if you do not put a drip system in. This is easy to temporarily plug, but just remember to do it! The whole issue here is that the grommet is designed to be tight fitting and it is very difficult to squeeze the grommet together and push it through the hole when the grommet is pressed up against the screen panel and held in place by three screws.
I am going to install a drip system for some of my plants so I will use the grommeted hole right from the start.
Save installing the actual mist head and 1/4″ tubing input until after the cage is assembled.
Building the Dragon Ledge support structure
The patented Dragon Ledges are anchors that allow us to mount horizontal branches and potted plants anywhere along the inside wall of the cage. This allows us the flexibility to create beautiful floating gardens seemingly in the middle of the cage. Although we certainly can attach branches and items directly to the Dragon Ledges, we create an even more powerful tool if we zip tie two strong vertical branches to the two horizontal Dragon Ledges on each side. This makes a solid grid that we can attach to at any level that the vertical structure branches reach. I will be demonstrating this strategy here.
Branches can be attached using zip ties. Hot glue can be used as well for connecting decorative items or even branch to branch. But I find, with the constant shrinking and expansion of wood, in misting and heat, that hot glue is not as effective as a zip tie. That said, please experiment on your own and do what you feel would be best. There is nothing here that is one time only. The cage is in constant flux and so we can try anything we want and do over anything that does not work out. Below are some items that may come in handy for connecting Dragon Ledges and Branches. You can purchase through these Amazon links or just go to your local home improvement store or art store.
Connection Equipment
Attaching Branches to the Dragon Ledges
With the strong vertical supports we are able to mount potted plants around the inside of the screen cage walls.horizontal branches can be added in at any height for support. Support branches can be horizontal or placed so they run in front of the pot and trapping it in place even without the zip ties. Before branching for the chameleon’s use, the cage is set up with strong support branches to ensure the pots are well anchored.
One hint from experience: If you make the distance between the two vertical branches on each side about 3-4″ it makes for a very effective nesting spot for the pots you will be attaching to them.
The first step is to find some strong branches to use as vertical supports. Anything from a diameter of 1/2″ to 3/4″ to even 1″ is a good candidate. I, personally, seek out Oak as a branch type. The many parks and wooded areas around have an excess of oak branches fallen to the ground so I am kept busy sorting through all of the dead branches looking for the ones with the most character.
Once the vertical supports are in, horizontal branches can be zip tied on at any height by lashing to the vertical supports. Before the plants go in you can put in the major perching branches being careful not to block entry to the pots. (I go over pots in the next section).
To give pots support, shorter “cross beams” can be attached across the two vertical supports that makes just enough of a shelf to attach the pot.
Adding potted plants
When I put potted plants in my chameleon cages I like to do a double pot method where I mount one pot to the support structure with zip ties and branches and then I put the soil and plant into an identical pot to be slid right in later. This gives me the ability to remove and replace the plant at any time in the future with minimal inconvenience.
The ideal pot size for this is the 1/2 gallon size. These are often found in garden section of home improvement stores. 1/2 gallon landscaping pots are thin and cheap, but do the job. I can find them for about $1 in cost from the home improvement stores around my area.
When you mount a pot you need support in three places so the pot does not swing or shift. I place my pots with branches on three sides. As long as they are at different heights on different sides they are very effective in holding pots in place.
Mount your pots with the idea in mind that you will have to have enough space to drop a potted plant into the pot. Although that sounds simple, it is very easy to mount pots too high and then realize your mistake when you find there is not enough space for the arc of the pot to fit in. When I mount a pot I actually check it for fit with my potted plant before moving deeper into the build.
To mount the pot I put it in the place I desire the plant and then build up the branch support structure around it. A common configuration is to place the pot between two vertical branches and then zip tie a horizontal crossbeam below it for the pot to rest on. If you remember the hint to space the vertical support branches about 3-4″ apart, well here is where it makes sense. You can place a pot up against those two vertical branches and they will provide a good support distance. Then simply attach a cross beam where the bottom of the pot should be and the pot can rest on the horizontal support beam.
I will be using the double pot method where one pot is zip tied to the branches and Dragon Ledges and the plant is in the other pot. This makes it easy to change out plants if necesary
The pot to be mounted will be put in place and the places where I want to drill holes for the zip ties marked by a Sharpie pen. This can be tricky to negotiate the tight spaces, but this is why chameleon keeping isn’t for the faint of heart. Once my pot has the marks I drill with a drill bit that is the diameter of the width of my zip ties. With cheap pots the plastic will be thin so you may need to develop drilling skill so it doesn’t rip the pot.
I am using standard 1/2 gallon landscaping pots which cost around $1 and are easy to drill through.
The pots are then zip tied to the branch support network.
Every potted plant needs to be secured in three different axises. What this means is that there needs to be three point where the pot is tied down to a Dragon Ledge or branch and that these points need to be offset from each other so there is no “hinging” where the potted plant just swivels. This image shows the three anchor points for this particular pot. This is a typical configuration with the crossbar underneath.
Branching
Branches can be categorized into three types.
Structural Branches: Branches that form the support structure around the cage. These are generally thicker and provide a connection place for the other perching branches. Structural branches can be both vertical and horizontal. The most obvious vertical ones are the two per side that were placed on the Dragon Ledges to form the original grid structure. Thinner horizontal structural branches can be used to wedge pots in place to provide one of the anchor points.
Perching Branches: These are the branches that are selected to be of a diameter between where the chameleon can wrap their feet all the way around to where the chameleon can wrap their feet only half way around. These are placed horizontally as this is the comfort orientation of most chameleons. These should be placed at many places and heights in the cage. The two most important places are in a basking area and in an area hidden by leaves. This gives your chameleon a safe sleeping spot and a warm up spot. This doesn’t guarantee they will use them as we expect, but our job is only to give them the basics and let them take it from there.
Network Branches. These fill in all the spaces. These can be thick or thin. We want our chameleon to be able to use as much of the cage as possible. And by filling the cage with network branches we give our chameleon that option. The sides of the screen cage should not be considered walkways. In fact, screen walking is often a warning sign that something isn’t right with your cage.
We have to start with the structural branches. Once the pots are in we can put in the horizontal perching branches to make sure we have the major functions of basking and sleeping taken care of. We then fill in vertical, horizontal, and diagonal branches as “roadways” for the chameleon to travel from place to place in the cage.
This pictures shows all three types of branches. The structural branches are the thick vertical branches that are lashed to the Dragon Ledges and extend their anchoring value. The two main perching branches are here as well. The basking perching branch is the horizontal branch at the top which will provide the chameleon an open area to soak in both the heat and UVB. The sleeping perching branch is behind the wall of pothos leaves that I am holding open. There are a couple of branches that are behind here that can be sleeping branches. I feel we may as well give our chameleons as many choices as we can! But these are all hidden behind a wall of leaves so my chameleon can feel secure. He may or may not use it, but it is critical that it is available to him regardless of how often he needs to use it. All the other branches are network branches and are climbing tools. Also the thick pothos vines are part of the climbing network.
The perching branch needs special attention because it must coordinate with the light placement to give your chameleon perching space in the right distance from the basking and UVB bulb. A good guideline to follow is to place the perching branch 6″ below the top of the cage. But this branching needs to be under the UVB and basking bulbs. So it wouldn’t hurt to either place your lighting equipment on top the cage and see where the UVB and basking bulbs will shine. Or else, if you don’t have your lights yet, you can make measurements. For example, the fixture I will be linking to below is 8.5″ wide so you can tell roughly where the UVB bulb will be (see the lighting section for bulb placement etc…). But be sure to take into account the misting head. The light placement will have to accommodate this barrier. Remember that there does not have to be just one perching branch. You can have a branch under the UVB bulb and a second one that leads to under the basking bulb.
Lighting
Lighting will be the most complicated part of this set up and I will present three options with the pros and cons of each.
But first, let’s review what we need to provide using light.
- Vision. Chameleons are diurnal visual animals so they need a brightly lit cage area. This is actually not as easy to give as it sounds! It is difficult to find lighting systems that will punch through 4′ of area. But we will target a system which gives bright light to the top half of the cage and the rest can be considered hiding areas. The most effective technology we have is either T5 High Output fluorescent lights or the newer LED technologies. Although I am excited for my tests with LED technology I will recommend the well tested and used T5 technology.
- Heat. Chameleons are ectothermic (cold-blooded) so they naturally expect cooler nights and look forward to basking in the sun to warm up in the morning. We need to provide them this opportunity without giving them so much that they burn themselves trying to warm up. I am sorry that it is all a balance with sickness on either too little or too much. But this is the challenge we take on when we take responsibility for a living creature. We will use an incandescent light in a reflector. Incandescent lights used to be easy to pick up at any store, but more efficient LED technology has taken over. Unfortunately, it was the waste heat inefficiency that we needed! So we now have to work to find heat producing bulbs. For this build guide I am going to recommend and link to official reptile basking bulbs. But this is only because I can guarantee the links won’t disappear as plant lights or other lights are replaced by LED technology. As long as they produce heat they can be used as a basking bulb. Just make sure it is the correct level and not too much heat as chameleons are notorious for burning themselves.
- UVB. Your chameleon needs exposure to UVB rays just like we do to produce vitamin D3. If they don’t get it they will get Metabolic Bone Disease which is the reptile equivalent to Ricketts in humans. This is where we don’t have enough calcium for our bones and we get rubbery, broken, and deformed skeletons. This will kill a chameleon so this is a serious piece of equipment. We will be using T8 and T5 fluorescent bulbs to give us the proper UVB levels inside the cage. We are targeting a basking area that give between UVI 1 and UVI 3 with a maximum UVI at the cage top of UVI 6. There is a great deal of science and experimentation behind these numbers. If you would like to learn more about where these numbers came from I encourage you to check out the UVB section at the Chameleon Academy at this link https://chameleonacademy.com/chameleon-cage-set-up-replicating-the-sun/. I am actively involved in researching the implementation of UVB in captive husbandry for chameleons and will keep the Chameleon Academy at the forefront of the latest in what we know.
You will see many implementations of UVB within all my set-ups as I refine the easiest to communicate. I will present one option here that is the simplest to execute. You may see other configurations in these pictures. If you are interested in other options or already have lights that you wish to see if they will work then please visit the Chameleon Academy where I have placed all my work. There you will find charts that show how to use different bulbs and different fixtures. (Chameleons and UVB)
Recommendation:
LED White light bar and one Arcadia 6% UVB
8″ Deep Dome reflector with 60W Exo-Terra Daylight Heat bulb
UVB Measuring Meters
Although I am giving equipment and distance recommendations, nothing can replace having your own UVB meter. At this time there is no inexpensive alternative to a Solarmeter 6.5 and its rebranded clone, the 6.5R, which is functionally identical. These meters give results in units of UV Index which is the band of wavelengths that are used to create vitamin D3 in the chameleon.
UV Index levels will vary with bulb age, how long the bulb has been on, fixture type and placement of the basking branch. Thus there is a wide range of measurements that can be taken.
A UVB meter is a very critical and useful piece of equipment to ensure that the UVI levels at the basking branch are sufficient for D3 conversion. UVI 3 has been shown effective in Veiled Chameleons and Panther Chameleons. And, of course, we are working to verify with other species as well.
This is a link to The BioDude supplying a 22″ T5 HO 6% UVB bulb from Arcadia.
Use Coupon Code CHAMELEON10 for 10% off your cart at thebiodude.com
Basic Lighting Considerations
Placing the lights is always a strategic exercise. The guidelines to follow are
1) Daylight is placed over the front of the cage so that the light does not create a silhouette of your chameleon. Your chameleon does not care, but you will!
2) Basking Bulb is placed where it cannot accidentally slip and fall if the cage or rack is bumped.
3) Basking Bulb is kept away from anything that could catch fire.
4) Basking Bulb shines on the branch you have set up to be the basking branch.
5) Chameleons have been reported to bask in heat and then seek out the UVB light. So, although I generally put heat and UVB in the same place, having the lamps next to each other works. Some breeders have heat and UVB at opposite ends of the cage. So, you know,…party on, dudes.
6) Be mindful of where the mister is pointing. You do not want the mister to spray light bulbs.
Scheduling: Lighting, Heating, Misting
When we get into the timing of lights we need to bring in the hydration cycle as the environmental conditions are all tied together.
Appliance timers are used to switch lights and equipment on and off to replicate the chameleon’s natural weather cycles. The above graph illustrates the entire cycle we wish to create. Let’s start at midnight.
Midnight: all equipment is off. No lights or heat is needed at night.
1AM: Misting system turns on for 45 seconds to create a moisture layer to help fogger “stick” instead of just bouncing off dry leaves
1AM – 7AM: Fogger runs for a 30 minute on/off schedule until 7AM. The frequency and length will be dialed in as I evaluate the need for more or less humidity during the night.
6:45AM: Mister comes on for 1 minute to throw down a layer of dew for the chameleons to wake up to.
7:00 AM Daylight and UVB bulb comes on
7:30 AM Heat Lamp comes on
10:.30AM Heat Lamp goes off – this off time is dependent on what the ambient temperatures will reach during the day. The colder it is the longer the heat lamp is kept on. You want to use your chameleon’s basking behavior to guide how long you leave the basking light on.
3PM: Optional dripper or hand mister session. Here is where I personally observe their behavior and response to water. Ideally, they ignore it. Otherwise I have to adjust my hydration cycle. This is a constant process and will never be completed.
7PM: All lights go out
8PM: 45 second misting to start the night off moist.
Misting System
I have purchased extra corners for the tubing which makes corners much easier.
Hints for misting systems:
- PRESS fit. Put some force behind shoving the tubing into the connectors. If you have any leaks around the connectors, 99% of the time it is just a loose fit. Shove it in harder!
- If the misting system turns on, but the water does not come out you may need to “burp” the system. Simply disconnect the output and run the pump. Once water comes out the output of the pump reconnect the tubing. This is a magic trick that works most of the time.
Note that in all these pictures the lights are on. This is so we can see. In actual use, I do not run the mister during the day. Chameleons do not like to get wet. So I use the mister during the night to lay down a layer of dew and to help the fogger raise the humidity. A cage with wet surfaces is much more receptive to fog rolling in. With out then, fog tends to just rollin and roll out. And, of course, a good spray before the lights come on ensures that the chameleons wake up to dew on the leaves.
Mister purchasing information
Fogger
The fogger provides the high night time humidity that chameleons need to maintain a natural humidity cycle. A fogger is most effectively used in the dark morning hours before the sun comes up (or lights come on).
Using the rack system makes for easy placement of the foggers. I have elected to use one of the wire baskets, though it could have easily been placed ion the top of the rack. The output tubes are long and so there is great flexibility in where this has to go.
Hints for fogging:
- Avoid horizontal runs of the output tubing. Keep them at a downward angle or else water will build up in the tubes and the fog will be hindered.
- Put the fogging system on an external timer because the internal timer is a cheap cyclic timer and this does not give us the flexibility we need.
Note that in all these pictures the lights are on. This is so we can see. In actual use, I do not run the fogger during the day. Although I admit to enjoying seeing the fog bank when the morning lights come on slowly dissipate. But the fogger and the basking lamp are not on at the same time. Our recipe for success is cool/moist and warm/dry.
The fogger output tubes are aimed so that the intended sleeping area of the chameleon (the right leafy area) experiences a fog bank just after midnight.
The wire rack shelf and accessory basket provide a convenient place for the foggers that us away from electronics so that filling the fogger does not accidentally get water on electrical systems.
And, houseplants can easily hide the utilitarian nature of the wire rack and equipment!